Lichen Planus Diagnosis and Care

Lichen planus is a long-term inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, nails, scalp, hair, and mucous membranes. While not contagious, it can be uncomfortable and, in some cases, painful. The condition often presents with itchy, flat-topped bumps on the skin or white, lacy patches inside the mouth. Because symptoms vary depending on the affected area, timely diagnosis is important for effective management.

At Thousand Smiles, our clinicians provide assessment, diagnosis, and tailored treatment plans for patients experiencing symptoms of lichen planus, with a particular focus on oral health.

What Is Lichen Planus?

Lichen planus occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the skin or mucous membranes, causing inflammation. Although the exact cause is not fully understood, certain triggers may increase the likelihood of flare-ups, including:

Viral infections such as hepatitis C
Some medications for high blood pressure, heart disease, or arthritis
Pain relief medicines like ibuprofen or naproxen
Exposure to certain chemicals, pigments, or metals
Vaccinations such as the flu vaccine (rarely linked)

The condition is more common in middle-aged adults and can affect men and women, although oral lichen planus is more frequently diagnosed in women.

Oral lichen planus symptoms in the mouth

Symptoms of Lichen Planus

The appearance of lichen planus depends on the area affected. Common symptoms include:

Skin: Flat, purplish bumps that may itch, often on the wrists, ankles, lower back, or inner forearm.
Mouth: White, lace-like patches on the tongue, cheeks, or lips; sometimes painful sores.
Genitals: Discomfort, white patches, or painful ulcers that can affect daily activities and sexual health.
Scalp: Redness, irritation, hair loss, or changes in scalp colour.
Nails: Thinning, ridges, or even nail loss in severe cases.
Other signs: Blisters that break into scabs, darker skin after lesions heal, and in rare cases, reduced hearing.

Symptoms may appear suddenly or gradually over several weeks.

If you have unexplained rashes, white patches in your mouth, or painful sores, call Thousand Smiles on 020 3773 2280 to arrange an assessment.

020 3773 2280

Seeking professional help for burning mouth syndrome

When to Seek Professional Help

Mild cases of lichen planus can sometimes be managed at home with simple care, such as avoiding triggers and keeping the affected area clean. However, medical evaluation is strongly recommended if you:

Notice persistent skin rashes without an obvious cause.
Develop painful sores in the mouth or genital area.
Experience changes in your nails or scalp.
Have difficulty eating due to oral lesions.

Early diagnosis helps control symptoms, reduce complications, and provide peace of mind.

Symptoms and complications of oral lichen planus

Complications of Lichen Planus

While not life-threatening, lichen planus can lead to complications if left untreated:

Oral lichen planus may increase the risk of oral cancer.
Genital lichen planus can result in scarring and sexual discomfort.
Skin involvement may leave areas of darker pigmentation after healing.
Chronic symptoms may interfere with eating, sleeping, or overall quality of life.

Because of these risks, professional care is important for ongoing monitoring and management.

Diagnosis of Lichen Planus

Diagnosis usually begins with a physical examination of your skin, nails, scalp, or mouth. To confirm the condition and rule out others with similar symptoms, your dentist or doctor may recommend:

A medical history and discussion of your symptoms.
Biopsy of the affected tissue for laboratory analysis.
Blood tests to check for related conditions, such as hepatitis C.
Imaging or specialist referral in rare cases.

Treatment Options

There is no single cure for lichen planus, but treatment aims to reduce inflammation, control symptoms, and prevent complications. Options may include:

Topical corticosteroids – creams, ointments, or mouth gels to reduce irritation.
Oral medications – for more severe or widespread cases.
Antihistamines – to relieve itching.
Immune-modulating drugs – in cases where standard treatment is ineffective.
Lifestyle measures – such as avoiding spicy foods, alcohol, or irritating oral products for patients with oral lichen planus.

Your treatment plan will depend on the severity of your symptoms and the areas affected.

Self-Care and Prevention

Patients can also take steps to help manage flare-ups and support treatment:

Maintain good oral hygiene and attend regular dental check-ups.
Avoid known triggers, including certain medications or chemicals.
Use gentle skincare products and avoid scratching affected areas.
Follow prescribed treatment plans consistently.
Stay alert for changes in symptoms, especially new sores in the mouth.

Who Is at Risk?

Anyone can develop lichen planus, but the condition is more common among:

Adults aged 30–60.
Women, particularly for oral lichen planus.
People with autoimmune conditions.
Individuals taking long-term medications for chronic illnesses.

Recognising risk factors helps in early detection and proactive management.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is lichen planus contagious?

No. It is an immune-related condition and cannot be passed from person to person.
Can lichen planus go away on its own?

In some cases, symptoms improve within months or years. However, ongoing care is often needed to prevent recurrences.
Is there a cure?

There is no permanent cure, but treatments can control symptoms and significantly improve comfort.
Does oral lichen planus always lead to cancer?

No. Most patients will not develop cancer, but the condition is linked to a slightly higher risk. Regular monitoring is important.
Can stress trigger lichen planus?

Stress does not directly cause the condition but may worsen symptoms in some individuals.

Why Choose Thousand Smiles?

Experienced clinicians with expertise in diagnosing oral conditions.
Access to advanced diagnostic tools for accurate assessment.
Comprehensive care, from symptom relief to long-term monitoring.
Supportive advice on lifestyle adjustments to manage flare-ups.

Our team takes a compassionate, professional approach to managing lichen planus, ensuring every patient receives clear guidance and effective care.

Book an Appointment

If you’re experiencing symptoms such as white oral patches, itchy purple rashes, or painful sores, don’t wait for them to worsen. Professional evaluation is the safest way to manage lichen planus and protect your long-term health.

Call Thousand Smiles now on 020 3773 2280 for immediate dental trauma care. Alternatively, email us at info@tsmile.uk to arrange an urgent appointment.