Burning Mouth Syndrome – Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
A persistent burning sensation in the mouth can be unsettling, especially when there are no obvious signs of irritation. This condition, often referred to as burning mouth syndrome (BMS), can affect different areas including the tongue, palate, gums, lips, cheeks, or sometimes the entire mouth. Many patients describe it as though they have scalded their mouth with hot liquid, even though no injury is visible.
BMS is known for being unpredictable. The pain can begin suddenly or develop gradually, and for some people it persists for months or even years. While treatment can be challenging, professional dental care can help uncover possible causes and provide relief strategies. At Thousand Smiles, our dental team takes a comprehensive approach to diagnosing and managing this condition. If you have been struggling with unexplained burning or discomfort in your mouth, booking an appointment with us is the first step toward relief.
Recognising the Symptoms
The way burning mouth syndrome presents itself can vary. Some of the most commonly reported symptoms include:
- An ongoing burning or scalding feeling on the tongue, lips, or other oral tissues
- Dryness or excessive thirst despite normal fluid intake
- A bitter, metallic, or altered taste in the mouth
- Tingling, stinging, or numb sensations
- Loss of taste or changes in how flavours are perceived
The discomfort may appear in different patterns:
- Some patients notice mild irritation in the morning that worsens throughout the day
- Others experience pain that starts immediately upon waking and persists until bedtime
- In certain cases, the symptoms fluctuate, disappearing for short periods before returning
Eating or drinking may temporarily reduce the burning sensation, and in most instances, no visible changes are detected in the oral tissues.
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Who is Most at Risk?
Although burning mouth syndrome is relatively rare, some groups are more likely to develop it. The risk is higher for:
- Women over the age of 50
- People experiencing hormonal changes, particularly during or after menopause
- Patients with chronic health conditions such as fibromyalgia or autoimmune diseases
- Individuals with high stress levels, depression, or anxiety
- Those who have had recent dental treatments or use multiple medications
Lifestyle factors such as allergies, poor nutrition, or exposure to irritants may also contribute to the risk.
Complications to Be Aware Of
While BMS does not cause physical damage to the mouth, the constant discomfort can significantly affect quality of life. Patients often report:
- Difficulty eating or enjoying meals
- Interrupted sleep patterns due to pain
- Emotional distress, anxiety, or depression
These secondary effects can be just as debilitating as the burning itself, which is why seeking professional care is important.
Diagnosis: What to Expect
When you visit Thousand Smiles for an evaluation, we take a step-by-step approach to uncover potential causes. This may include:
- Reviewing your medical history and current medications
- Examining the mouth and oral tissues for any irregularities
- Asking about dietary habits, lifestyle, and stress levels
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Performing diagnostic tests such as:
- Blood tests to detect nutritional deficiencies or health conditions
- Allergy testing to rule out sensitivities
- Oral cultures to check for infections
The goal is to rule out other treatable conditions and determine whether your symptoms point to primary or secondary BMS.
Treatment Approaches
The best treatment depends on the type and suspected cause of the syndrome.
For Secondary BMS
When the burning sensation is linked to another condition, addressing that condition often reduces or eliminates the symptoms. For example:
- Managing acid reflux with medication or lifestyle changes
- Correcting nutritional deficiencies through supplements
- Adjusting medications if side effects are contributing to dry mouth
- Treating oral infections or dental issues
For Primary BMS
Since there is no single known cause, treatment usually focuses on symptom management. Possible options may include:
- Special oral rinses designed to soothe tissues
- Saliva substitutes to combat dryness
- Medications such as antidepressants or nerve-related drugs in certain cases
At Thousand Smiles, we tailor treatment to each patient. Some individuals benefit from a combination of medical and self-care strategies.
Don’t let persistent discomfort control your daily life. Book a consultation with our dental team today to explore treatment options.
Self-Care and Lifestyle Support
Alongside professional care, patients can often manage their symptoms with small but consistent changes, such as:
- Drinking plenty of fluids to reduce dryness
- Avoiding irritants like tobacco, alcohol, and spicy or acidic foods
- Practising stress-management techniques such as mindfulness or yoga
- Engaging in regular physical activity to improve overall wellbeing
- Joining support groups for people living with chronic pain
These measures will not cure BMS but may lessen the intensity and improve day-to-day comfort.
Preparing for Your Appointment
To make the most of your consultation, it can be helpful to:
- Keep a record of your symptoms, including when they occur and how long they last
- List all current medications, including over-the-counter products and supplements
- Bring previous test results or medical reports if available
- Prepare questions you would like to ask the dentist about possible causes and treatments
This information helps us provide the most accurate diagnosis and personalised plan.
Take the First Step Toward Relief
Living with burning mouth syndrome can feel frustrating, especially when the pain has no obvious explanation. However, with professional guidance and a personalised approach, it is possible to find relief and regain control over your oral comfort.
Contact Thousand Smiles on 020 3773 2280 to arrange an appointment with our experienced dental team. You can also visit our practice to discuss your symptoms in person. Whether you are experiencing mild irritation or long-term discomfort, we are here to support you with compassionate, evidence-based care.
Take the first step today—book your consultation and let’s create a smile you’ll love.
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